Intel, once the undisputed leader that both designed and manufactured processors, fell behind when it struggled with advanced 7 nm and 5 nm technologies while TSMC mastered cutting‑edge manufacturing and AMD shifted to a fabless model to leverage TSMC’s strengths. Now Intel is investing vast sums in new fabs, opening its foundries to external customers, and racing to catch up in artificial intelligence, raising the question of whether it can stage a comeback or if its era of dominance is permanently over.
