عَنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَبِي حَفْصٍ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ: ” إنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ، وَإِنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَهِجْرَتُهُ إلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ لِدُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوْ امْرَأَةٍ يَنْكِحُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إلَيْهِ”. رَوَاهُ إِمَامَا الْمُحَدِّثِينَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ إِسْمَاعِيل بن إِبْرَاهِيم بن الْمُغِيرَة بن بَرْدِزبَه الْبُخَارِيُّ الْجُعْفِيُّ [رقم:1]، وَأَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُسْلِمٌ بنُ الْحَجَّاج بن مُسْلِم الْقُشَيْرِيُّ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ [رقم:1907] رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي “صَحِيحَيْهِمَا” اللذَينِ هُمَا أَصَحُّ الْكُتُبِ الْمُصَنَّفَةِ
It is narrated on the authority of Amirul Mu’minin, Abu Hafs ‘Umar bin al-Khattab (ra), who said:
I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: “Actions are (judged) by motives (niyyah), so each man will have what he intended. Thus, he whose migration (hijrah) was to Allah and His Messenger, his migration is to Allah and His Messenger; but he whose migration was for some worldly thing he might gain, or for a wife he might marry, his migration is to that for which he migrated.” [Bukhari & Muslim]
This Hadith, narrated by Amirul Mu’minin Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), is one of the most foundational and comprehensive sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). It is often placed at the very beginning of collections of Hadith because it establishes the essential principle for judging all human actions in Islam.The Principle of Intention (Niyyah)The core message of this Hadith is simple yet profound: Actions are (judged) by motives (niyyah), so each man will have what he intended.1. The Central Role of NiyyahInternal over External: The Hadith teaches that God judges the internal motive or intention ($\text{niyyah}$) behind an action, not just the visible, external act itself. An action that looks good (like giving money) may be worthless if the intention is bad (like seeking praise). Conversely, an action that appears mundane can become an act of worship if the intention is pure.The Foundation of Worship: For any act of worship (like prayer, fasting, or pilgrimage) to be valid and rewarded, it must be performed with the explicit intention of pleasing God alone.The Example of Hijrah (Migration)The Hadith uses the historical event of the Hijrah (the migration from Mecca to Medina) as a powerful example to illustrate this principle:
| Actions | Intentions (Niyyah) | Result (Judge) |
|---|---|---|
| Migration | To Allah and His Messenger | His reward is with Allah and His Messenger. The act is accepted as pure devotion. |
| Migration | For a worldly thing (e.g., money, land, status) | His reward is only what he intended to gain. The act is judged as a transaction, not a sacred deed. |
| Migrtion | For a wife, he might marry | His reward is limited to that specific worldly gain (marriage). |
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